The following tables present IEM computed monthly data summaries based on
daily data provided by or computed for the IEM. A download interface
exists for the daily summary information. The climatology is provided by the
nearest NCEI climate station (USC00202423) within the current 1991-2020
dataset.
To load shown data into Microsoft Excel,
highlight the table information with your mouse and then copy/paste into Excel.
Precipitation Totals [inch]
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
M
M
M
M
M
M
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1944
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1945
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1946
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1947
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1948
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1949
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1950
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
0.00
0.00
1951
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1952
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1953
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1955
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1956
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1957
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1958
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1959
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1960
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1961
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1962
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1963
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1964
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1965
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1966
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1967
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1968
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1969
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1970
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1971
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1972
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
0.00
1973
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1974
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1975
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1976
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1977
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1978
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1979
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1980
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1981
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1982
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1983
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1984
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1985
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1986
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1987
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1988
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1989
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1990
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
M
M
M
M
0.00
1991
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1992
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1993
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1994
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1995
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1996
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
0.00
1997
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1998
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1999
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2001
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2002
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2003
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2004
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2005
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2006
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2007
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2008
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2009
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2010
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2011
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.08
3.64
2.97
4.02
0.70
0.60
2012
0.67
0.28
1.55
1.22
2.13
1.99
0.67
2.32
1.65
2.74
0.20
1.62
2013
1.97
0.39
0.35
3.44
4.48
1.36
1.66
0.93
1.68
2.85
1.16
0.61
2014
0.47
0.24
0.49
4.37
2.06
1.44
3.33
4.50
2.91
1.93
1.68
1.30
2015
0.23
0.04
0.16
1.36
1.75
2.18
0.55
2.20
1.17
1.34
0.92
1.03
2016
0.50
0.53
2.65
1.20
0.63
0.82
1.57
3.33
1.13
2.26
0.84
0.42
2017
0.43
1.88
1.09
3.46
1.27
4.02
3.92
3.99
1.16
2.44
0.98
0.10
2018
0.59
1.20
0.15
1.69
1.07
0.59
2.82
4.83
1.49
3.48
1.18
1.16
2019
0.31
0.72
0.56
1.12
2.79
1.78
3.09
1.41
3.29
3.85
2.46
2.07
2020
0.78
0.24
1.07
2.40
4.78
1.02
1.89
4.30
1.64
1.38
1.48
1.11
2021
0.54
0.10
0.71
0.83
1.42
1.92
5.03
1.90
3.32
2.48
0.25
1.67
2022
M
0.52
3.29
2.06
3.13
2.31
2.16
0.46
0.13
0.18
0.67
1.18
2023
1.10
0.87
1.92
3.49
1.24
1.56
5.99
2.16
1.03
0.85
1.26
0.62
2024
0.74
0.31
1.34
1.84
2.30
3.15
3.07
2.77
0.75
0.49
1.69
0.80
2025
0.01
0.21
3.43
2.13
2.16
1.79
1.18
M
M
M
M
M
NCEI Climatology
2.08
1.90
1.90
3.42
3.24
3.29
3.10
2.95
2.92
2.95
2.53
2.07
Average Wind Speed [MPH]
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
M
M
M
M
M
M
7.0
8.7
10.0
10.3
11.1
13.4
1944
11.6
12.2
11.8
11.8
9.4
10.3
9.8
10.2
9.3
10.6
9.7
11.7
1945
10.9
11.4
10.5
14.3
11.1
8.9
9.0
9.3
9.5
12.1
12.2
9.8
1946
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1947
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1948
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1949
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1950
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
9.1
9.9
1951
9.1
9.4
11.5
8.8
8.6
8.1
9.1
8.9
11.5
11.6
12.9
10.6
1952
11.0
10.8
11.7
12.3
7.8
8.6
7.9
6.0
7.0
9.1
8.8
7.9
1953
8.2
9.5
9.2
10.1
8.8
7.9
6.7
6.7
4.9
4.5
5.9
8.2
1954
8.6
9.4
11.7
10.2
8.4
8.2
7.0
7.7
8.3
7.2
7.3
7.8
1955
9.0
8.9
10.7
7.7
7.3
6.3
6.0
6.6
6.9
8.1
8.3
8.1
1956
7.6
7.4
8.3
8.3
8.7
7.5
6.0
5.4
6.8
7.0
7.6
7.1
1957
7.9
7.2
7.3
7.7
8.1
7.2
5.9
5.8
6.4
7.0
9.5
8.8
1958
7.8
10.6
7.2
9.9
11.7
11.6
9.2
10.9
11.7
12.2
14.2
13.0
1959
14.2
14.0
12.8
12.4
12.2
10.8
11.2
9.8
11.5
12.1
12.7
12.9
1960
12.6
13.8
11.3
8.5
7.7
7.2
6.3
5.2
5.3
6.4
12.8
12.3
1961
11.3
9.5
8.8
7.6
8.0
11.3
6.9
5.6
6.7
7.3
7.2
8.0
1962
8.5
7.1
5.7
8.0
7.4
6.5
6.7
5.6
6.8
6.0
6.0
8.3
1963
10.9
9.9
8.8
9.7
7.6
6.0
7.0
7.2
6.3
7.2
9.1
7.9
1964
9.4
8.6
9.5
9.1
8.1
7.8
6.6
7.4
7.2
8.0
7.8
7.8
1965
8.9
9.7
8.8
7.3
7.5
7.7
6.9
6.6
7.0
9.3
8.4
8.1
1966
8.9
8.1
9.5
8.3
8.3
6.6
6.6
6.4
7.5
10.0
8.8
8.3
1967
10.0
11.2
8.2
9.3
8.0
5.7
6.4
6.6
5.9
8.3
8.4
8.0
1968
8.4
8.8
8.6
9.8
7.4
7.7
8.0
6.5
6.8
8.2
8.0
10.3
1969
7.9
6.6
6.3
7.9
7.6
7.9
6.2
7.0
6.9
7.9
7.8
9.1
1970
7.7
11.2
8.1
11.2
10.3
8.3
7.9
6.8
7.3
5.8
9.7
9.8
1971
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1972
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1973
9.3
6.9
8.0
9.6
7.0
6.3
6.0
6.2
6.6
6.7
8.3
9.2
1974
8.1
7.8
9.6
9.1
8.9
8.1
7.1
5.6
6.6
6.7
6.9
7.2
1975
8.4
7.8
7.3
7.9
5.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
6.7
7.8
7.9
7.0
1976
8.9
8.8
10.7
9.1
7.6
7.0
7.2
6.7
7.1
8.2
8.7
8.7
1977
9.9
10.2
8.5
7.5
7.0
8.0
7.3
6.7
5.8
7.1
7.9
8.7
1978
9.2
6.4
6.4
7.1
6.9
6.4
6.8
6.7
8.0
7.6
7.9
9.9
1979
9.7
8.6
8.1
8.5
7.0
6.8
5.2
6.2
6.7
7.5
8.0
7.4
1980
7.0
6.8
9.4
7.7
5.6
6.7
4.9
5.1
5.7
7.5
8.1
8.0
1981
6.6
8.7
8.0
9.5
7.4
6.3
5.2
4.2
5.7
6.3
5.4
7.2
1982
9.9
7.3
7.8
8.6
4.9
4.9
5.6
5.1
5.5
6.1
6.4
6.9
1983
6.2
6.1
7.0
8.2
7.3
5.9
5.5
4.9
5.4
6.8
8.0
8.1
1984
8.2
7.3
8.1
8.2
7.5
5.6
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.9
7.9
8.6
1985
7.8
7.2
9.5
7.8
6.8
6.0
6.6
5.7
6.3
6.4
7.8
8.9
1986
9.2
6.8
8.8
8.2
6.9
6.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
6.2
8.1
7.9
1987
7.8
7.0
7.0
8.3
6.9
6.0
5.4
6.9
5.6
7.4
7.7
8.7
1988
10.2
9.8
7.6
7.8
6.7
7.0
4.7
5.5
6.2
6.0
8.5
9.1
1989
9.1
8.0
6.7
4.9
5.8
4.1
5.1
5.4
5.6
6.7
9.2
6.2
1990
8.7
9.2
6.5
8.5
7.8
7.0
5.7
M
M
M
M
M
1991
8.7
7.1
8.7
9.0
6.3
6.0
5.0
6.1
6.7
8.3
8.4
8.2
1992
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.6
7.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
6.1
6.3
7.3
5.7
1993
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1994
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1995
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1996
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
8.1
1997
10.1
9.3
8.7
8.6
9.1
6.7
7.3
6.7
13.0
7.6
8.1
8.0
1998
9.3
7.0
10.6
8.2
7.5
6.3
6.7
6.6
7.2
8.1
9.9
9.6
1999
10.3
8.6
10.0
8.9
8.2
6.4
7.2
7.0
7.5
8.7
9.6
9.3
2000
9.6
8.9
8.6
9.4
8.6
8.6
6.4
6.0
8.8
7.5
8.5
9.2
2001
8.4
9.0
8.0
9.0
8.0
6.4
7.4
8.1
8.1
10.5
9.5
8.7
2002
9.2
10.7
9.8
9.9
9.9
6.7
6.4
7.0
7.2
7.6
9.2
9.6
2003
10.6
9.6
9.0
9.5
7.7
6.7
7.7
6.3
7.4
7.6
10.1
8.1
2004
9.9
7.6
9.4
9.9
7.6
7.6
6.0
7.5
6.9
9.5
8.1
10.6
2005
8.6
7.3
7.5
9.1
6.8
6.9
6.0
6.4
7.3
8.0
9.9
9.0
2006
8.6
9.3
8.2
8.0
8.5
6.7
7.3
7.3
7.5
8.3
6.8
9.8
2007
9.0
10.9
9.7
9.8
7.6
6.9
6.5
6.9
7.8
8.7
9.2
8.5
2008
9.4
8.6
8.4
9.3
8.5
7.1
7.4
6.2
5.8
7.9
8.3
10.3
2009
7.8
9.1
8.2
10.5
8.7
5.8
6.4
6.6
5.0
8.2
6.2
8.8
2010
9.8
8.2
7.5
9.5
7.9
6.4
6.0
6.8
8.9
8.1
9.7
10.6
2011
8.2
11.7
8.6
10.1
9.3
7.9
6.4
6.0
7.1
7.7
9.7
8.6
2012
9.0
8.6
8.7
9.0
6.8
7.6
6.6
7.3
6.8
9.2
7.5
8.4
2013
9.2
9.4
8.8
9.7
7.0
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
7.4
10.4
9.1
2014
10.7
9.1
8.5
8.6
7.4
6.6
7.0
5.5
6.1
7.7
9.9
7.2
2015
9.1
9.5
8.8
8.8
8.0
5.8
6.4
6.4
6.3
9.6
8.3
8.9
2016
8.5
9.5
7.9
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.8
7.0
7.3
7.2
8.3
10.6
2017
7.4
9.2
9.7
9.8
8.9
8.0
6.9
6.6
6.0
9.2
8.3
8.7
2018
9.9
8.5
8.7
9.1
7.1
7.1
6.1
6.1
7.0
8.5
8.3
6.7
2019
9.3
9.3
8.4
9.3
7.3
6.3
6.1
6.0
6.9
8.4
8.3
8.6
2020
8.1
9.7
8.0
8.8
7.5
6.7
6.1
6.1
7.4
7.7
9.8
9.1
2021
7.4
8.8
10.0
7.5
7.4
7.6
6.5
5.7
7.0
6.9
8.2
9.0
2022
8.8
10.5
8.7
8.3
7.4
7.6
6.9
6.3
6.9
7.7
9.5
10.0
2023
7.5
10.5
9.1
8.5
6.4
6.0
5.7
6.6
5.7
7.9
8.8
7.8
2024
8.2
7.8
9.0
9.6
6.6
7.9
5.3
6.1
6.7
9.5
9.8
9.9
2025
11.5
10.2
11.4
10.7
9.6
8.5
7.2
M
M
M
M
M
NCEI Climatology
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Average Daily High Temperature [F]
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
M
M
M
M
M
M
77.94
76.74
66.10
55.45
41.10
31.90
1944
33.48
30.55
32.65
44.97
66.48
75.17
78.55
79.97
67.53
56.74
44.40
28.55
1945
22.42
31.14
50.77
54.00
55.58
69.87
75.42
76.94
67.00
55.50
42.80
28.84
1946
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1947
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1948
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1949
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1950
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
40.96
28.81
1951
28.19
30.04
36.55
48.87
65.71
71.73
77.65
72.00
66.80
57.61
35.57
32.03
1952
30.81
31.79
34.97
53.67
60.90
76.17
80.90
76.23
71.50
54.77
45.90
36.16
1953
32.16
32.54
38.03
46.70
62.87
75.03
79.81
79.74
70.07
61.68
47.93
36.35
1954
27.16
36.14
35.19
52.70
59.23
74.87
77.26
75.29
66.73
57.58
45.27
31.58
1955
27.55
29.68
36.65
57.50
67.16
74.77
82.58
81.90
70.47
60.71
40.03
28.29
1956
28.23
30.03
33.19
46.77
59.32
73.77
73.00
74.77
63.80
62.19
43.13
33.58
1957
23.52
32.36
37.03
52.77
59.23
71.60
77.48
74.32
67.30
54.87
44.43
35.71
1958
28.74
24.86
38.23
54.03
63.13
69.13
77.23
78.55
69.07
59.65
45.90
25.48
1959
22.97
26.00
34.90
50.83
66.68
76.80
79.52
79.74
70.97
52.84
37.67
34.19
1960
29.61
29.83
30.65
51.37
61.94
70.90
75.39
74.68
68.37
56.71
46.80
28.10
1961
24.84
33.25
37.39
45.80
60.61
71.73
76.74
75.35
73.37
58.90
44.80
31.84
1962
23.10
23.82
36.81
52.10
68.65
71.17
75.32
75.97
65.60
56.90
43.17
29.23
1963
19.06
21.57
38.58
53.73
60.10
74.43
79.48
73.45
66.13
67.06
48.20
25.87
1964
31.90
32.17
37.00
51.40
68.29
74.63
79.03
70.90
67.17
56.45
47.03
30.26
1965
25.45
27.68
30.55
43.77
66.58
72.40
74.00
74.45
67.17
54.26
43.50
36.42
1966
24.29
30.39
39.74
47.03
58.74
76.97
82.55
75.68
67.27
57.19
42.90
30.81
1967
30.74
24.21
35.52
50.40
56.19
76.80
76.03
74.35
69.97
57.42
38.90
33.23
1968
25.10
25.45
42.29
55.20
56.52
71.53
78.16
77.39
70.37
58.52
42.30
29.68
1969
27.13
29.14
34.68
51.97
62.39
67.43
77.39
81.74
68.93
55.26
42.73
30.87
1970
23.32
28.32
34.74
52.87
62.03
73.77
80.97
79.90
71.17
60.32
44.10
32.00
1971
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1972
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
34.00
1973
31.71
27.86
43.74
50.63
60.23
75.03
80.68
81.29
71.17
62.97
44.33
31.81
1974
30.16
26.75
37.23
54.23
58.19
73.87
80.90
77.81
66.17
53.55
42.90
33.94
1975
31.19
30.07
33.19
44.35
73.54
74.30
80.68
78.55
65.50
62.35
51.67
31.97
1976
23.16
33.45
41.74
54.80
59.74
79.30
78.84
78.74
68.93
52.84
39.17
25.23
1977
19.74
27.14
43.03
55.47
70.06
71.30
78.90
74.19
66.73
56.19
44.40
30.94
1978
23.97
23.32
33.58
45.37
66.45
73.53
77.97
78.65
70.10
57.16
46.50
30.71
1979
20.90
20.25
38.77
46.63
61.45
74.70
79.97
72.77
71.13
54.94
43.93
37.97
1980
29.06
25.72
35.42
48.97
64.39
69.83
80.00
80.00
69.37
50.65
41.47
28.58
1981
24.45
32.61
39.32
53.07
62.32
74.00
77.35
76.03
65.47
51.94
45.37
31.23
1982
21.97
27.07
34.74
49.13
65.16
66.50
77.68
71.03
66.27
58.29
43.90
40.00
1983
30.94
32.50
39.65
49.17
60.65
77.37
84.45
80.71
71.90
56.00
44.03
26.03
1984
23.55
36.10
31.48
50.97
59.90
74.67
80.03
79.94
66.17
57.74
44.20
36.13
1985
24.84
27.68
38.58
56.10
68.16
71.87
80.35
76.61
69.17
55.19
40.43
25.58
1986
28.26
27.68
41.61
54.40
66.29
72.07
79.32
74.65
67.07
56.06
40.40
33.23
1987
29.48
33.00
43.45
55.63
69.39
77.73
81.94
77.65
69.70
52.55
46.97
37.39
1988
29.00
28.52
39.48
52.10
68.81
76.80
82.32
79.81
69.37
52.16
44.53
32.65
1989
34.32
26.39
36.87
49.53
65.19
71.03
82.19
77.84
69.53
58.48
39.77
23.42
1990
36.23
33.07
42.48
56.60
61.71
74.77
77.00
M
M
M
M
17.00
1991
26.61
33.96
40.39
54.03
68.68
77.57
79.58
79.19
66.67
56.81
41.90
34.00
1992
29.81
31.17
34.42
46.20
65.61
69.33
71.45
73.35
67.13
55.32
41.10
34.60
1993
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1994
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1995
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1996
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
32.67
1997
27.97
33.07
37.90
52.80
56.96
79.87
81.35
79.50
61.50
57.23
39.31
35.65
1998
31.68
35.00
39.06
52.53
68.52
72.07
78.71
78.77
73.77
60.90
48.70
40.71
1999
27.55
38.36
44.13
55.93
69.84
79.50
85.39
78.23
75.90
57.84
49.20
35.32
2000
28.03
34.48
47.48
49.17
65.13
71.93
73.45
74.13
67.03
60.39
42.23
24.42
2001
30.05
29.21
35.90
54.36
64.95
74.58
77.61
80.23
67.39
58.21
52.32
40.78
2002
36.55
36.21
36.73
52.98
59.49
73.83
85.06
79.23
76.99
53.85
42.53
35.01
2003
25.21
25.79
39.96
49.20
59.65
72.73
79.86
79.23
70.69
57.01
46.85
36.16
2004
21.95
31.19
41.58
52.64
61.15
73.46
75.94
75.03
75.68
58.65
46.46
31.30
2005
26.54
32.64
36.47
54.47
62.14
79.34
81.35
80.43
75.08
60.05
46.85
29.91
2006
35.72
30.84
42.74
56.06
66.84
75.62
83.56
78.70
67.76
54.41
46.94
38.79
2007
32.48
24.79
42.10
50.00
67.54
79.82
79.32
80.54
74.72
66.03
42.86
31.77
2008
33.05
28.65
35.25
56.36
61.32
75.14
78.86
76.77
70.22
56.91
43.22
29.10
2009
22.88
32.58
39.95
50.72
63.24
69.32
73.46
74.91
70.12
52.73
49.76
32.12
2010
29.21
31.16
47.33
58.88
68.19
73.52
82.11
82.57
67.88
60.16
47.54
29.91
2011
24.63
30.65
36.12
49.88
63.06
74.18
84.07
78.22
68.66
58.48
49.10
36.86
2012
33.95
36.75
53.69
52.85
69.41
79.01
83.97
79.36
69.23
57.42
43.44
37.28
2013
32.00
28.66
36.27
48.19
64.89
72.31
78.51
78.71
70.41
59.04
42.20
28.04
2014
22.67
23.68
31.92
50.67
64.72
74.68
76.47
74.37
69.49
55.88
38.86
35.18
2015
25.50
18.48
37.92
51.46
68.54
72.09
80.56
77.80
74.92
58.44
51.21
42.85
2016
29.61
32.29
43.96
47.19
67.86
77.22
81.71
81.78
73.28
60.27
53.86
33.86
2017
32.77
38.82
37.91
57.21
63.51
76.06
78.77
76.22
74.89
63.89
42.86
28.35
2018
28.07
33.58
36.75
44.00
70.95
73.63
82.12
78.50
71.27
55.45
36.85
34.63
2019
23.83
27.51
36.39
50.02
58.49
70.46
80.95
78.60
72.21
57.59
39.48
36.86
2020
34.16
32.04
42.64
50.51
61.49
78.56
82.75
79.08
68.57
54.44
51.81
35.38
2021
31.55
28.09
47.03
53.54
65.76
77.96
78.15
81.40
71.06
63.81
45.00
37.61
2022
24.03
29.35
39.47
49.85
68.00
77.75
81.37
80.23
73.02
60.70
48.47
34.70
2023
32.95
35.19
39.01
55.86
65.66
75.17
79.66
75.22
72.41
59.45
46.05
41.55
2024
30.73
40.49
45.04
55.05
67.20
75.61
80.22
78.97
75.63
64.34
48.64
33.91
2025
26.51
27.85
45.02
53.30
61.52
77.28
80.88
M
M
M
M
M
NCEI Climatology
29.70
32.43
40.81
52.21
64.91
75.20
80.20
78.80
71.71
58.80
45.51
35.01
Average Daily Low Temperature [F]
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
M
M
M
M
M
M
59.35
58.19
46.23
37.81
29.67
16.68
1944
22.61
14.97
19.16
29.03
47.10
54.07
57.26
57.81
50.87
37.35
33.50
15.35
1945
8.26
13.14
30.06
35.57
38.61
49.50
55.90
56.52
52.37
39.90
33.60
16.84
1946
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1947
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1948
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1949
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1950
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
31.18
20.06
1951
11.74
14.32
24.42
34.43
44.52
51.30
56.58
53.48
46.93
41.10
23.23
18.26
1952
14.77
17.17
20.65
34.57
41.97
54.13
60.42
56.16
49.37
32.65
30.30
26.61
1953
18.48
18.68
25.16
31.73
43.55
53.57
57.58
57.58
49.10
39.71
33.57
23.97
1954
10.77
21.39
17.94
32.17
38.10
55.30
55.65
54.32
51.73
40.81
31.77
17.97
1955
13.87
14.96
20.06
37.27
43.48
53.87
61.10
62.13
48.23
41.74
26.90
16.23
1956
14.77
12.24
16.32
29.53
39.45
53.70
55.74
56.58
43.57
41.97
29.23
22.16
1957
6.94
16.21
19.74
34.97
42.06
52.93
57.90
54.74
47.60
37.26
31.87
21.97
1958
14.29
10.07
25.65
32.17
39.97
47.57
56.35
55.87
49.90
41.61
30.37
9.45
1959
8.10
6.18
17.77
32.90
47.06
55.10
59.55
64.26
53.80
41.55
24.30
24.97
1960
16.16
14.93
12.26
34.43
44.68
52.30
55.45
55.45
51.00
38.68
33.00
12.90
1961
9.00
16.68
24.48
31.17
38.97
49.13
58.06
56.71
54.17
41.35
29.67
19.45
1962
7.97
8.39
22.84
31.37
45.90
51.37
55.45
54.52
46.03
41.19
27.77
13.61
1963
4.90
2.11
19.94
31.30
38.39
51.80
57.39
53.16
46.20
43.23
33.83
10.52
1964
16.35
14.66
21.03
33.37
45.45
49.93
59.97
54.06
46.93
33.55
30.97
18.81
1965
10.03
12.68
16.00
28.47
43.00
49.23
52.87
55.35
49.27
37.52
28.97
24.87
1966
7.90
16.82
25.52
31.07
36.61
51.30
57.35
56.16
46.87
37.87
28.07
16.39
1967
15.23
6.93
19.39
30.97
35.23
54.80
56.81
54.10
46.70
40.65
26.43
20.84
1968
12.61
7.31
23.48
33.70
38.87
51.23
55.32
55.00
51.90
40.16
29.93
16.65
1969
14.39
13.79
17.81
32.00
39.06
49.43
58.00
58.52
49.00
38.74
30.30
19.48
1970
7.23
10.39
18.42
34.47
43.42
51.60
62.29
58.45
53.07
43.42
31.77
20.65
1971
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1972
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
34.00
1973
17.55
13.07
31.84
34.77
41.06
56.27
59.74
62.32
50.30
46.10
32.90
20.65
1974
16.39
9.25
23.00
33.87
39.65
52.93
59.58
57.61
45.80
33.81
30.07
23.00
1975
16.74
18.71
20.29
28.65
49.54
55.93
59.68
59.65
48.13
43.94
36.90
18.13
1976
6.03
16.38
24.84
33.63
39.77
56.93
58.48
56.26
47.63
37.65
25.50
10.52
1977
6.23
13.68
27.00
34.33
44.81
49.60
59.87
56.42
55.70
40.26
32.87
19.55
1978
11.48
10.11
18.23
31.40
47.48
53.57
57.39
58.32
52.60
39.81
31.63
18.65
1979
9.06
4.71
24.61
32.50
42.84
50.80
59.26
55.19
48.33
41.48
31.57
24.48
1980
15.48
13.45
20.19
33.57
43.61
49.60
59.68
62.29
51.20
37.71
28.37
15.13
1981
9.74
18.25
25.42
34.20
42.19
54.03
56.94
56.39
49.40
37.29
28.73
22.03
1982
7.39
13.61
22.77
28.87
47.39
48.33
56.94
51.71
49.40
40.03
30.93
27.74
1983
19.03
19.29
25.87
33.87
41.90
53.87
62.84
60.90
50.77
41.74
30.90
14.68
1984
8.87
23.10
17.58
34.50
41.52
53.37
57.19
59.35
48.97
42.39
29.73
22.19
1985
10.35
12.79
25.06
35.27
45.32
50.50
58.48
58.23
52.70
37.68
31.73
14.42
1986
12.45
16.61
23.39
36.23
46.32
49.97
59.61
54.55
51.00
37.42
26.57
24.65
1987
17.39
17.11
27.23
36.30
44.90
55.57
61.94
59.84
51.40
37.10
33.53
28.16
1988
13.26
9.76
22.87
33.70
45.94
52.57
59.74
60.03
51.07
37.84
32.80
18.52
1989
21.13
9.96
18.71
31.43
42.84
52.77
61.03
56.26
48.40
39.06
26.43
8.52
1990
23.77
17.43
24.23
36.13
41.45
53.40
57.81
M
M
M
M
14.00
1991
12.39
19.04
25.65
36.83
48.81
55.10
58.58
58.39
46.03
40.52
27.20
19.00
1992
18.61
18.38
19.45
31.83
40.90
50.20
52.94
52.39
47.10
35.16
30.57
26.73
1993
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1994
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1995
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1996
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
19.17
1997
12.97
15.82
20.26
31.00
39.78
54.07
57.16
57.33
51.50
37.61
25.76
23.74
1998
18.52
22.93
24.13
31.97
46.84
51.97
57.00
57.10
50.40
40.61
35.57
22.23
1999
12.81
23.29
23.74
37.10
46.19
57.64
65.65
58.03
50.53
37.13
30.60
18.58
2000
12.26
15.97
26.23
30.92
43.90
52.40
54.13
54.90
49.23
38.60
30.13
9.16
2001
16.59
13.55
20.15
32.53
45.37
52.89
55.86
59.11
48.49
40.54
35.25
25.33
2002
20.40
18.85
19.01
32.95
38.48
54.73
61.44
56.90
52.53
34.95
27.61
19.54
2003
9.65
5.81
17.86
28.58
41.38
49.51
56.93
57.57
48.08
37.28
30.55
22.35
2004
3.84
9.47
26.19
32.54
41.17
48.32
54.47
53.66
50.12
42.05
30.32
15.92
2005
10.63
16.76
15.45
31.38
39.43
56.78
56.39
58.01
51.74
41.64
29.43
17.19
2006
22.65
14.32
23.87
32.78
46.92
52.94
61.09
57.66
48.38
35.66
32.06
26.37
2007
16.40
5.96
23.64
30.50
41.99
52.76
55.11
57.37
50.24
44.77
26.54
18.82
2008
17.02
10.09
19.63
32.84
37.17
54.32
56.85
54.01
48.20
35.72
28.16
13.54
2009
1.92
12.78
20.04
30.26
37.52
48.92
52.26
54.06
48.39
36.65
31.76
19.11
2010
17.60
17.54
25.73
34.88
44.66
53.42
60.51
60.57
48.44
38.45
29.00
19.46
2011
6.51
12.46
17.66
30.80
43.73
50.24
60.61
57.20
47.72
38.62
31.40
25.39
2012
18.21
21.01
31.80
30.99
44.61
54.22
60.62
56.66
46.77
39.71
28.26
25.03
2013
16.44
13.94
21.69
29.64
41.72
51.16
57.87
55.27
46.93
39.59
27.83
12.53
2014
5.51
1.50
10.62
31.23
42.49
52.79
54.30
54.94
47.02
38.24
24.97
23.13
2015
7.19
-2.44
16.90
30.84
44.13
48.51
55.95
54.86
54.64
40.52
30.94
29.81
2016
14.73
15.07
25.09
27.35
42.18
51.09
58.79
59.78
52.81
41.23
32.80
20.67
2017
20.88
22.16
21.62
36.71
41.85
53.89
58.03
56.62
50.19
44.10
26.81
12.10
2018
12.16
12.73
21.55
24.28
44.87
51.96
59.67
59.77
52.90
36.65
25.24
23.80
2019
13.39
18.81
18.20
32.21
38.94
48.05
58.13
55.47
52.79
38.80
24.96
22.62
2020
22.75
15.29
24.35
27.37
39.57
49.47
57.98
57.06
47.09
35.18
33.06
24.85
2021
20.33
8.01
24.61
32.77
40.13
55.70
58.22
60.28
49.05
46.65
28.03
23.01
2022
5.07
11.36
22.34
29.94
44.92
51.19
56.45
57.50
50.93
37.71
29.46
24.26
2023
23.37
17.07
23.34
34.41
38.51
51.77
55.85
54.32
51.75
43.57
26.93
31.00
2024
21.81
20.87
27.20
35.70
43.58
55.44
59.41
58.14
50.37
41.25
33.84
22.39
2025
8.98
11.35
23.46
31.79
42.03
53.62
59.58
M
M
M
M
M
NCEI Climatology
13.30
13.01
21.01
32.22
43.80
53.30
58.10
56.69
49.10
38.10
29.10
20.50
Average Daily Temperature (high+low)/2 [F]
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
M
M
M
M
M
M
68.65
67.47
56.17
46.63
35.38
24.29
1944
28.05
22.76
25.90
37.00
56.79
64.62
67.90
68.89
59.20
47.05
38.95
21.95
1945
15.34
22.14
40.42
44.78
47.10
59.68
65.66
66.73
59.68
47.70
38.20
22.84
1946
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1947
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1948
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1949
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1950
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
36.07
24.44
1951
19.97
22.18
30.48
41.65
55.11
61.52
67.11
62.74
56.87
49.35
29.40
25.15
1952
22.79
24.48
27.81
44.12
51.44
65.15
70.66
66.19
60.43
43.71
38.10
31.39
1953
25.32
25.61
31.60
39.22
53.21
64.30
68.69
68.66
59.58
50.69
40.75
30.16
1954
18.97
28.77
26.56
42.43
48.66
65.08
66.45
64.81
59.23
49.19
38.52
24.77
1955
20.71
22.32
28.35
47.38
55.32
64.32
71.84
72.02
59.35
51.23
33.47
22.26
1956
21.50
21.14
24.76
38.15
49.39
63.73
64.37
65.68
53.68
52.08
36.18
27.87
1957
15.23
24.29
28.39
43.87
50.65
62.27
67.69
64.53
57.45
46.06
38.15
28.84
1958
21.52
17.46
31.94
43.10
51.55
58.35
66.79
67.21
59.48
50.63
38.13
17.47
1959
15.53
16.09
26.34
41.87
56.87
65.95
69.53
72.00
62.38
47.19
30.98
29.58
1960
22.89
22.38
21.45
42.90
53.31
61.60
65.42
65.06
59.68
47.69
39.90
20.50
1961
16.92
24.96
30.94
38.48
49.79
60.43
67.40
66.03
63.77
50.13
37.23
25.65
1962
15.53
16.11
29.82
41.73
57.27
61.27
65.39
65.24
55.82
49.05
35.47
21.42
1963
11.98
11.84
29.26
42.52
49.24
63.12
68.44
63.31
56.17
55.15
41.02
18.19
1964
24.13
23.41
29.02
42.38
56.87
62.28
69.50
62.48
57.05
45.00
39.00
24.53
1965
17.74
20.18
23.27
36.12
54.79
60.82
63.44
64.90
58.22
45.89
36.23
30.65
1966
16.10
23.61
32.63
39.05
47.68
64.13
69.95
65.92
57.07
47.53
35.48
23.60
1967
22.98
15.57
27.45
40.68
45.71
65.80
66.42
64.23
58.33
49.03
32.67
27.03
1968
18.85
16.38
32.89
44.45
47.69
61.38
66.74
66.19
61.13
49.34
36.12
23.16
1969
20.76
21.46
26.24
41.98
50.73
58.43
67.69
70.13
58.97
47.00
36.52
25.18
1970
15.27
19.36
26.58
43.67
52.73
62.68
71.63
69.18
62.12
51.87
37.93
26.32
1971
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1972
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
34.00
1973
24.63
20.46
37.79
42.70
50.65
65.65
70.21
71.81
60.73
54.53
38.62
26.23
1974
23.27
18.00
30.11
44.05
48.92
63.40
70.24
67.71
55.98
43.68
36.48
28.47
1975
23.97
24.39
26.74
36.50
61.54
65.12
70.18
69.10
56.82
53.15
44.28
25.05
1976
14.60
24.91
33.29
44.22
49.76
68.12
68.66
67.50
58.28
45.24
32.33
17.87
1977
12.98
20.41
35.02
44.90
57.44
60.45
69.39
65.31
61.22
48.23
38.63
25.24
1978
17.73
16.71
25.90
38.38
56.97
63.55
67.68
68.48
61.35
48.48
39.07
24.68
1979
14.98
12.48
31.69
39.57
52.15
62.75
69.61
63.98
59.73
48.21
37.75
31.23
1980
22.27
19.59
27.81
41.27
54.00
59.72
69.84
71.15
60.28
44.18
34.92
21.85
1981
17.10
25.43
32.37
43.63
52.26
64.02
67.15
66.21
57.43
44.61
37.05
26.63
1982
14.68
20.34
28.76
39.00
56.27
57.42
67.31
61.37
57.83
49.16
37.42
33.87
1983
24.98
25.89
32.76
41.52
51.27
65.62
73.65
70.81
61.33
48.87
37.47
20.35
1984
16.21
29.60
24.53
42.73
50.71
64.02
68.61
69.65
57.57
50.06
36.97
29.16
1985
17.60
20.23
31.82
45.68
56.74
61.18
69.42
67.42
60.93
46.44
36.08
20.00
1986
20.35
22.14
32.50
45.32
56.31
61.02
69.47
64.60
59.03
46.74
33.48
28.94
1987
23.44
25.05
35.34
45.97
57.15
66.65
71.94
68.74
60.55
44.82
40.25
32.77
1988
21.13
19.14
31.18
42.90
57.37
64.68
71.03
69.92
60.22
45.00
38.67
25.58
1989
27.73
18.18
27.79
40.48
54.02
61.90
71.61
67.05
58.97
48.77
33.10
15.97
1990
30.00
25.25
33.35
46.37
51.58
64.08
67.40
M
M
M
M
15.50
1991
19.50
26.50
33.02
45.43
58.74
66.33
69.08
68.79
56.35
48.66
34.55
26.50
1992
24.21
24.78
26.94
39.02
53.26
59.77
62.19
62.87
57.12
45.24
35.83
30.67
1993
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1994
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1995
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
1996
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
25.92
1997
20.47
24.45
29.08
41.90
48.37
66.97
69.26
68.42
56.50
47.42
32.53
29.69
1998
25.10
28.96
31.60
42.25
57.68
62.02
67.85
67.94
62.08
50.76
42.13
31.47
1999
20.18
30.82
33.94
46.52
58.02
68.57
75.52
68.13
63.22
47.48
39.90
26.95
2000
20.15
25.22
36.85
40.04
54.52
62.17
63.79
64.52
58.13
49.49
36.18
16.79
2001
23.32
21.38
28.03
43.44
55.16
63.74
66.74
69.67
57.94
49.38
43.78
33.05
2002
28.47
27.53
27.87
42.96
48.98
64.28
73.25
68.06
64.76
44.40
35.07
27.28
2003
17.43
15.80
28.91
38.89
50.51
61.12
68.39
68.40
59.38
47.15
38.70
29.26
2004
12.90
20.33
33.89
42.59
51.16
60.89
65.21
64.34
62.90
50.35
38.39
23.61
2005
18.59
24.70
25.96
42.92
50.78
68.06
68.87
69.22
63.41
50.84
38.14
23.55
2006
29.18
22.58
33.31
44.42
56.88
64.28
72.33
68.18
58.07
45.04
39.50
32.58
2007
24.44
15.38
32.87
40.25
54.76
66.29
67.22
68.96
62.48
55.40
34.70
25.29
2008
25.03
19.37
27.44
44.60
49.25
64.73
67.85
65.39
59.21
46.31
35.69
21.32
2009
12.40
22.68
30.00
40.49
50.38
59.12
62.86
64.49
59.26
44.69
40.76
25.61
2010
23.41
24.35
36.53
46.88
56.43
63.47
71.31
71.57
58.16
49.30
38.27
24.68
2011
15.57
21.55
26.89
40.34
53.40
62.21
72.34
67.71
58.19
48.55
40.25
31.12
2012
26.08
28.88
42.74
41.92
57.01
66.62
72.29
68.01
58.00
48.57
35.85
31.16
2013
24.22
21.30
28.98
38.91
53.31
61.73
68.19
66.99
58.67
49.32
35.01
20.28
2014
14.09
12.59
21.27
40.95
53.60
63.74
65.38
64.66
58.26
47.06
31.92
29.15
2015
16.35
8.02
27.41
41.15
56.33
60.30
68.25
66.33
64.78
49.48
41.07
36.33
2016
22.17
23.68
34.53
37.27
55.02
64.15
70.25
70.78
63.04
50.75
43.33
27.27
2017
26.83
30.49
29.76
46.96
52.68
64.98
68.40
66.42
62.54
54.00
34.83
20.22
2018
20.12
23.15
29.15
34.14
57.91
62.80
70.90
69.14
62.08
46.05
31.05
29.21
2019
18.61
23.16
27.30
41.11
48.71
59.25
69.54
67.03
62.50
48.20
32.22
29.74
2020
28.45
23.66
33.50
38.94
50.53
64.02
70.37
68.07
57.83
44.81
42.44
30.12
2021
25.94
18.05
35.82
43.16
52.94
66.83
68.19
70.84
60.05
55.23
36.51
30.31
2022
14.55
20.35
30.90
39.90
56.46
64.47
68.91
68.86
61.98
49.20
38.97
29.48
2023
28.16
26.13
31.18
45.13
52.09
63.47
67.76
64.77
62.08
51.51
36.49
36.28
2024
26.27
30.68
36.12
45.38
55.39
65.53
69.81
68.55
63.00
52.80
41.24
28.15
2025
17.75
19.60
34.24
42.54
51.77
65.45
70.23
M
M
M
M
M
NCEI Climatology
21.50
22.72
30.91
42.21
54.35
64.25
69.15
67.75
60.40
48.45
37.30
27.75
Average Relative Humidity [%]
This value is computed via a simple average of available observations weighted
by the duration between observations.